Soil salinity is a major abiotic constraint limiting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in arid and semi-arid regions, where excessive Na⁺ accumulation restricts nutrient uptake, disrupts photosynthesis, and suppresses biomass and grain formation. This greenhouse study evaluated the individual and interactive effects of a plant-derived liquid organic fertilizer (SOLF; 40% organic matter) applied at four doses and six foliar biostimulant treatments—plant-derived amino acids (P-AA), animal-derived amino acids (A-AA), seaweed extract (SW), and their combinations—on wheat grown in salt-affected soil.
A 4 × 6 factorial experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design (96 pots) revealed that both SOLF and foliar treatments significantly improved plant height, tiller production, leaf chlorophyll (SPAD), leaf area, key yield components, and grain yield (p